A) Battery storage. Use as the example Tesla model S
Parameters
- Powertrain
- Model S is a rear wheel drive electric vehicle. The liquid-cooled powertrain includes the battery, motor, drive inverter, and gear box.
- 60 kWh microprocessor controlled, lithium-ion battery
- Three phase, four pole AC induction motor with copper rotor
- Drive inverter with variable frequency drive and regenerative braking system
- Single speed fixed gear with 9.73:1 reduction ratio
- Warranty
- 4 year, 50,000 mile (whichever comes first) new vehicle limited warranty
- 8 year, 125,000 mile (whichever comes first) battery and drive unit warranty for 60 kWh battery equipped Model S
- 8 year, unlimited mile battery and drive unit warrantyfor 85 kWh battery equipped Model S
- Both battery warranties cover damage from improper charging procedures and battery fire, even if the fire results from driver error
| Electric motor | 310 kW (416 bhp), 600 N·m (443 ft·lb), Three-phase AC induction motor |
|---|---|
| Transmission | 1-speed fixed gear (9.73:1) |
| Battery | 60 or 85 kWh lithium ion[4] |
| Electric range | |
| Plug-in charging |
60 kWh will go 208 miles = 3.5 miles/kWh
cost of travelling 1 mile = cost of 1kWh/3.5
from the warrantee, the batteries are warranteed for 120,000 miles/208 miles = 570 cycles
If the cost of the battery is $500/kWh, the cost per cycle= $0.87per kWh amortisation.
We have to add the cost of electricity assume $0.15/kWh, total cost per mile = ${0.87+0.15}/3.5 = $0.29/mile
B) Toyota mirai FCV, high pressure hydrogen fuel
| Powertrain | |
|---|---|
| Electric motor | fuel cell-powered 113 kW (152 hp) 335 N·m (247 lbf·ft)[1] |
| Battery | 1.6 kWh Nickel-metal hydride[2][3] |
| Range | 480 km (300 mi) (Toyota)[4] |
Fuel cell system with an output power density of 3.0 kW/L
The FCV range is expected to be approximately 700 km (430 mi) under Japan’s JC08 test cycle.[15]
The exhaust H2O or water volume is 240 mL per 4 km running.[35]
the stack’s world-leading power output density of 3.1 kW/L
The tanks store hydrogen 70 MPa (10,000 psi). The tanks have a combined weight 87.5 kg (193 lb).[1][34]
The electric traction motor delivers 113 kilowatts (152 hp) and 335 N·m (247 lbf·ft) of torque. The Mirai has a 245V (1.6 kWh) sealed nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) traction rechargeable battery pack
The front tank holds 60.0 liters, the rear tank, 62.4 liters. Total hydrogen storage mass is about 5 kg.
http://www.thegreencarwebsite.co.uk/blog/index.php/2014/08/14/toyota-admits-fuel-cell-cars-will-cost-more-to-fill-up-than-petrol-models/
They estimate $50 for a full tank of H2 and 300 miles range. Compare this with a Prius, which is cheaper, can refuel at any gas station, has a range of 595 miles, and the gasoline would cost $18 to go 300 miles. With competition like that, the FCV could be a difficult sell, even in Japan.
Using the data above.
Mirai has 300 miles range for the 5kg of H. to compare to Tesla, we use 120,000 miles warrantee
The 5kg H fuel costs estimated by toyota, $50 or $10/kg. to go one mile has a fuel cost of $50/300 = $0.17/mile
We have to amortize the cost of high pressure cylinder + the cost of FC stack over 120,000 miles.
We do not have numbers from Toyota, but from NREL the estimate is $2400, or $2400/120,000 miles, = $0.02/mile
total cost of travel $0.17 +$0.02 = $0.19/mile
